NOTES:

1. Please place only your student numbers (social security numbers) on your exam papers. NO NAMES!

2. Please staple this AFTER-AFTER-BEHIND your answer to the essay question.

3. Please do not write on both sides of the paper at the same time.

4. Please avoid substance abuse.

5. ANSWER ONE (1) OF THE ESSAY QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW:

A. Early civilizations existed in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, China and Central America. Describe the similarities and the differences in the development of four of the above civilizations.

OR

B. Dr. Kirshner said that the greatest invention in history was cotton underwear. Most historians would argue that the most important inventions and innovations began in the earliest civilizations. Discuss the origin of six important inventions or innovations from the Ancient World. Be sure to include in your essay where they originated and why they probably came into existence.

OR

C. The authors of your textbook write: "Among all the peoples of the ancient world, the one whose culture most clearly exemplified the spirit of Western society was the Greek or Hellenic." Do you agree with this statement? Explain in detail why or why not.

NOTES:

1. Please place only your student numbers (social security numbers) on your exam papers. NO NAMES!

2. Please staple this AFTER - AFTER your answer to the essay question.

3. Please write in pen or pencil only.

4. Please avoid substance abuse.

5. ANSWER ONE (1) OF THE ESSAY QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW:

A. Using historical details, write an essay explain what the instructor meant by the title and subtitles of the outline that follows:

FALSE IMAGES: Early Medieval Europe

1) It ain't so uniform!

2) A Chess Game

3) Miss America, then and now

B. Civilizations in the Roman Empire, India and China reached their Golden Age of Culture at slightly different times (Rome--29 BCE until 200 CE ; China--200 BCE until 220 CE; India 300 CE until 700 CE). Each civilization spread the influence of their culture (art, music, politics, religion etc) to nearby areas. Write an essay describing the unique cultures of these areas and their influence on societies closeby.

OR

C. Describe the influence of the "barbarian" invasions (from c. 400 CE until 1000 CE) on the Roman Empire and the development of European history (medieval Europe). BE SPECIFIC!

NOTES:

1. Please place only your student numbers (social security numbers) on your exam papers. NO NAMES!

2. Please staple this AFTER-AFTER your answer to the essay question.

3. Please pray for a good grade. Your grades will be posted outside the classroom.

4. Thanks for putting up with me for a semester. Have a good life!

5. ANSWER ONE (1) OF THE ESSAY QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW:

A. Discuss the seeds (movements,events, activities), during the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, that led to the flowering of the nation-state and/or nationalism in Europe and one Asian locality.

OR

B. Develop an essay around the instructors outline that follows:

WHERE TO FROM HERE?: The Meaning of Modern History

1. The Death of the Unicorn: nation-states, religion, capitalism

2. Down with Scolasticism: technology and science

3. Imperialism's Rationale: A European World

4. Pegasus: human achievement

C. The later Middle Ages, the Renaissance, the Age of Reformation and the Age of Exploration overlap. Explain the communalities and the difference between these historic eras.

EXAMPLE OF AN A EXAM PAPER